RS在森林病虫害监测研究中的应用

森林病虫害是影响森林健康的主要因素之一。森林病虫害的快速准确监测、检测及其损害评估无论对森林经营者还是生态学家都具有重要意义。在大的空间尺度上，遥感数据早已被广泛有效地用于检测森林病虫害所引起的失叶现象。目前，在森林病虫害的遥感监测方面所利用的遥感数据主要有Landsat TM,MSS和SPOT HRV等卫星遥感数据和多种航空遥感数据；此外，各种地面辅助地理散据和野外调查数据可以提高对森林病虫害的监测精度。不同类型的森林往往感染不同的森林病虫害，而不同的森林病虫害所引起的森林受损症状不同，有的病虫害导致森林反射光谱的显著变化，有的则导致森林大量失叶。因此，对不同病虫害的遥感监测方法不同。随着技术的进步，传统的图像增强、图像分类和影像差等病虫害监测技术已显粗糙。近年来，更多、更复杂的图像处理方法被广泛用于检测病虫害引起的森林变化，各种数学方法和GIS技术也为病虫害的遥感监测提供了新的活力。虽然森林病虫害的遥感监测面临挑战，但随着计算机软硬件技术和遥感技术的进步，森林病虫害的遥感检测依然具有广阔的发展空间。     

降低SnO2基CO气敏材料工作温度的方法

本文简要说明了SnO2的结构及其对CO的气敏原理。针对SnO2基CO气敏材料工作温度较高、能耗较大的缺点，提出了降低其工作温度的几种方法：扩大比表面积、掺入适当的杂质和添加适当的催化剂。     

Mapping Land-Cover and Mangrove Structures with Remote Sensing Techniques: A Contribution to a Synoptic GIS in Support of Coastal Management in North Brazil

This article deals with the development and application of a cartographic database for a synoptic Geographic Information System (GIS). Its purpose is the storage and evaluation of the heterogeneous datasets of the interdisciplinary scientific research program MADAM (Mangrove Dynamics and Management), which aims to develop recommendations for a tailored integrated coastal management scheme for the mangrove ecosystem at Bragança (North Brazil). The article describes the integration of remote sensing data, aerial photographs, as well as point data provided by fieldwork from different scientific fields. Using various innovative processing techniques and different scale-resolution levels, an assessment of temporal–spatial changes of the mangrove peninsula and the adjacent rural socioeconomic impact area, the type of mangrove structure, as well as a land-use cover analyses was undertaken. The definition of the spatial level of detail was found to be a major issue in the development of the GIS, as well as during the processing and analysis procedures. A division between strong and weak patterns in the mangrove ecosystem could be made, which implies different management measures and sets of specific interdisciplinary studies and monitoring at hierarchical scales.     

Changes in Connecticut salt-marsh vegetation as revealed by historical aerial photographs and computer-assisted cartographics

Procedures are discussed for the interpretation of historical aerial photographs for salt-marsh vegetation mapping, as are techniques for computer-assisted analysis of digital vegetation maps. The mappings indicate an increase in the coverage by the low marsh speciesSpartina alterniflora Loisel. at three marsh sites studied in photographs from the period 1934–1981. It is hypothesized that changes in salt-marsh vegetation may be in response to natural tidal fluctuations or to management practices.     

AIRBORNE THERMAL MAPPING OF A “FLOW-THROUGH” LAKE IN THE NEBRASKA SANDHILLS1

The Sandhills region represents a tremendous water resource for the State of Nebraska. Small shallow lakes, marshes, and subirrigated meadows are abundant due to interactions between ground water and surface water. One theory relating ground water to lake-flow systems in the Sandhills has been termed the “flow-through” concept. Thermal-infrared remotely acquired images document the flow-through model for a test site in Western Nebraska.     

USING HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION (HCMM) DATA TO ASSESS LAKE WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT A water quality investigation on Utah Lake was conducted during the same time period that the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite was collecting thermal infrared and reflectivity data. Relationships were established and evaluated among HCMM data and lake water quality parameters. Although remotely sensed reflective data have been previously utilized, this study was unique in that thermal emitted data were also correlated to algae concentrations and other indicators. Standard statistical evaluations were made along with utilization of color graphics techniques to identify and plot relationships. The emitted thermal energy was found to have high positive correlations with net algal concentrations and with the predominant species, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a blue-green alga. No continuous correlation was found for a less abundant red pigment phytoplankton, Ceratium hirundinella. Similar trends, though for negative correlations, were shown for reflectivity data and algal concentrations throughout the spring and summer. Coincidence of areas of warmer emitted energy and darker relfected energy on colorgraphics displays clearly indicate lake areas of high algal concentrations. Night thermal data displayed a strong negative correlation with algal concentration, opposite to day thermal data. Color graphics of warmer day emitted energy and cooler night emitted energy further verify areas of high algal concentrations.     

SIMULATING SOIL WATER RECESSION COEFFICIENTS FOR AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: The antecedent precipitation index (API) has been a useful indicator of soil moisture conditions for watershed runoff calculations, and recent attempts to correlate this index with spaceborne microwave observations have been fairly successful. The prognostic equation for soil moisture used in some of the atmospheric general circulation models (GCM) together with Thomthwaite-Mather parameterization of actual evapotranspiration leads to API equations. The recession coefficient for API is found to depend on climatic factors as contained in potential evapotranspiration and to depend on soil texture as reflected by field capacity and permanent wilting point. A recently developed model for global insolation is used with climatological data for Wisconsin to simulate the annual trend of the recession coefficient. Good quantitative agreement is shown with the observed trends at Fennimore and Colby watersheds in Wisconsin. This study suggests that API could be a unifying concept for watershed and atmospheric general circulation modeling.     

SELECTING RECONNAISSANCE STRATEGIES FOR FLOODPLAIN SURVEYS1

ABSTRACT: Multispectral aircraft and satellite data over the West Branch of the Susquehanna River were analyzed to evaluate potential contributions of remote sensing to floodplain surveys. Multispectral digital classifications of land cover features indicative of floodplain areas were used by interpreters to locate various floodprone area boundaries. The boundaries thus obtained were found to be more striking and continuous in the Landsat data than in the low altitude aircraft data. The digital approach permitted satellite results to be displayed at 1:24,000 scale and aircraft results at even larger scales. Results indicate that remote sensing techniques can delineate floodprone areas more easily in agricultural and limited development areas than in areas covered by a heavy forest canopy. At this time it appears that the remote sensing data would be best used as a form of preliminary planning information or as an internal check on previous or ongoing floodplain studies. In addition, the remote sensing techniques can assist in effectively monitoring floodplain activities after a community enters into the National Flood Insurance Program.     

卫星遥感在大雾生消动态监测中的应用

利用ＧＭＳ－５静止气象卫星资料,研究大雾生消动态遥感监测方法,并用此方法对沪宁高速公路大雾进行实时监测,取得了较好的效果。     

基于遥感和GIS的华东区域洪涝灾害动态监测系统的研究和建立

以NOAA卫星资料为主要信息源,以地面高程、上地利用等地形地貌资料为辅助信息源,研制了华东区域多重因子空间分析模式,在GIS平台上建立洪涝灾害动态监测和分析系统,从而提高了洪涝灾害判识的准确性和客观性。